Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can impact part or all of your dog's gastrointestinal tract. In today's post, the Ypsilanti vets share some of the symptoms and causes of IBD in dogs, as well as some of the recommended foods for dogs with IBD.
What Is Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
IBD or Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammation of your dog's gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) that is characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells that are not associated with another underlying health condition.
Once these inflammatory cells reach your dog's stomach and GI tract they change the intestinal tract's lining which impairs the normal absorption and passing of food.
It is easy to confuse inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) which has similar symptoms, however, these conditions have very different causes. Irritable bowel syndrome is most often due to psychological stress, whereas inflammatory bowel disease stems from a physical abnormality.
What causes IBD in dogs?
The cause of inflammatory bowel disease in dogs is unclear. Whether this condition is a disease or a defensive response to other conditions is yet to be settled. Some factors that may contribute to IBD include genetics, food allergies, an abnormal immune system, bacteria, and parasites.
It is often challenging for vets to diagnose the underlying cause of IBD in a specific pet, meaning that treatment can be a case of trial and error as your vet monitors your pet's responses to various treatments.
Any breed of dog can be diagnosed with IBD, however, several breeds seem especially susceptible including Soft-Coated Wheaten Terriers, Boxers, Norwegian Lundehunds, English Bulldogs, Irish Setters, Rottweilers, Shar Peis, German Shepherds, Basenjis.
What are the signs of IBD in dogs?
If you notice that your dog is experiencing any of the following symptoms, it may be an indication that your dog is suffering from inflammatory bowel disease:
- Chronic vomiting
- Bloody or Chronic diarrhea
- Constipation
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Picky eating
- Fever
- Lethargy
Pet parents should note that symptoms of IBD can come and go, and vary in severity. If your dog is experiencing symptoms of IBD, contact your veterinarian to book an examination for your furry friend. While these symptoms can point to IBD they can also be associated with several other serious health conditions in dogs.
How is IBD diagnosed in dogs?
If your dog is experiencing symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease, your veterinarian might recommend diagnostic testing to help determine the underlying cause of your dog's symptoms. Ultrasound, complete blood cell count, radiographs (x-rays), serum chemistry screen, and fecal exam are some of the most common tests used in diagnosing IBD in dogs. If your veterinarian concludes that IBD is the most likely cause of your dog's symptoms a biopsy (internal medicine) may be performed to provide a definitive diagnosis.
A biopsy will typically only be performed after other conditions that could be causing your dog’s symptoms (such as organ diseases or parasites), have been ruled out. Results from your dog's biopsy will establish the type and quantity of inflammatory cells in your dog's intestinal wall and help your vet to determine the best treatment for your pet.
How is IBD in dogs treated?
Currently, there is no cure for IBD in dogs but your vet will likely prescribe medications and dietary modifications to help manage the condition. Treating IBD is not an exact science so be prepared for a potentially lengthy period of trial-and-error when treatment for your dog's inflammatory bowel disease first begins. Just like people, every dog is different so finding just the right combination of food and medications to manage your dog's IBD is likely to take some time.
Your veterinarian will work closely with you to ensure that the changes to your dog's routine can be made safely and offer your dog the best possible results. Once the condition is well under control many dogs can stop taking medicine daily and may only need it when they experience symptom flare-ups.
What food should I give my dog with IBD?
Many dogs with inflammatory bowel disease respond well to dietary changes. Although there is no specific food that’s ideal for every case of inflammatory bowel disease, your vet may recommend one of the following diets for your dog:
Highly Digestible
- In dogs and people alike, some foods are more easily digested than others particularly if your dog’s GI tract is inflamed. Fiber and fat can be more difficult for dogs with IBD to digest. Whereas foods that are high in moisture (canned foods) may be easier for your dog to digest.
Minimal Additives
- Feeding your furry friend a diet with simple ingredients and minimal additives may help to reduce your dog's IBD symptoms. In some dogs, additives have been found to cause an immune reaction so these should be avoided wherever possible.
A Novel Protein-Based Diet
- Proteins in dairy, chicken, wheat, and beef can sometimes lead to an immune system reaction in dogs. Part of the approach to treating your dog's inflammatory bowel disease may be choosing foods without common food allergens that could aggravate the condition. The logic is that when a dog eats a protein they have never had before, the immune system won’t be triggered to respond.
With a modified diet and treatment, the prognosis for dogs with inflammatory bowel disease is generally good. Your dog may need to remain on a modified diet for life, but once the IBD is being managed successfully you may be able to reduce your pet's medications (with veterinary supervision), or only use meds when symptoms flare up.
Note: The advice provided in this post is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice regarding pets. For an accurate diagnosis of your pet's condition, please make an appointment with your vet.